Surah An-Naba 78:33
سُورَةُ النَّبَإِ · Meccan · Verse 33 of 40
وَكَوَاعِبَ أَتْرَابًۭا
Translation
nubile, well-matched companions,
English translation: M.A.S. Abdel Haleem.
Meaning and reflection
Wording
This beautiful verse is part of a series describing the magnificent rewards Allah has prepared for those who were mindful of Him and performed good deeds in this life. It follows the mention of lush gardens and grapes, adding another dimension to the blessings of Paradise. Allah Himself is speaking here, painting a picture of profound comfort and delight for the righteous.
The Meaning of Kawa'ib (كَوَاعِبَ)
The word *kawa'ib* (كَوَاعِبَ) refers to young women who have reached the age of blossoming youth, specifically those whose breasts have become full and rounded, like a dice or an ankle bone (*k'ab*). Scholars like al-Zamakhshari, al-Razi, and al-Jalalayn explain this term to denote youthful women with prominent, well-formed bosoms. Ibn Ashur specifies the age around fifteen. This precise word choice emphasizes vitality and beauty, highlighting a state of eternal youth and physical perfection. It suggests that the companions in Paradise will embody the pinnacle of grace and freshness, adding to the complete joy and contentment of its inhabitants.
The Meaning of Atrab (أَتْرَابًۭا)
Following *kawa'ib*, the word *atrab* (أَتْرَابًۭا) is used, meaning "of equal age" or "contemporaries." Al-Jalalayn and al-Zamakhshari both define it this way. Ibn Ashur offers two profound interpretations for this equality. First, it could mean that these companions are all of the same age relative to one another. This would enhance their beauty and prevent any feelings of inadequacy or preference, ensuring perfect harmony among them. Imagine a gathering where everyone is perfectly matched in appearance and vitality, eliminating any cause for envy or discontent.
Second, *atrab* could mean that these companions are of the same age as their spouses. This speaks to the depth of companionship and mutual understanding, as a similar age often fosters greater compatibility and ease in a relationship. In the description of Paradise, this detail suggests an environment where every aspect of life, including relationships, is designed for ultimate bliss, free from the disparities and difficulties that can arise in worldly connections. It emphasizes that in Paradise, even the subtleties of companionship are perfected.
Through these specific words, Allah offers a glimpse into the exquisite nature of the rewards awaiting the righteous. It is a promise not just of physical beauty, but of perfect harmony and delightful companionship, where every detail is tailored for everlasting joy.
Sources: al-Zamakhshari (al-Kashshaf), al-Razi (Mafatih al-Ghayb), al-Jalalayn, al-Jadwal fi I'rab al-Quran (Mahmud Safi), Ibn Ashur (al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir)
Topics that discuss this verse
Surah An-Naba 78:33 is discussed in 4 study guides on Maani. Each guide gathers the key verses, Arabic words and lessons of one Quranic topic.
Reflect on this verse
Open Surah An-Naba 78:33 in Maani to reflect on it through the Five Lenses: its wording, its context, what it means for you, its connections across the Quran and its lessons, grounded in classical tafsir.